Policy Papers & Reports

Effective and Accountable: Civilian Oversight of Somaliland's Security Sector

Published
14 April 2026
Author
MAAN Research Desk
Length
41 pages

Abstract

Democratic oversight and operational capability are frequently framed as a trade-off. Drawing on comparative practice from small states with limited defence budgets, this paper argues they are mutually reinforcing, and proposes an oversight architecture appropriate to Somaliland's institutions, budget, and threat environment.

Key findings

  1. 01Parliamentary oversight capacity, not statutory authority, is the practical constraint in most comparable cases.
  2. 02Transparent budgeting improves both public trust and partner willingness to cooperate.
  3. 03Clear civil-military boundaries strengthen rather than weaken operational effectiveness.
  4. 04Oversight reform is among the most visible signals available to prospective security partners.

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